Encyclopedia of
Latin American
Popular Music
Advisory Board
Frances Aparicio, Professor and Director, Latin American and Latino Studies
Program, University of Illinois at Chicago
Paul Austerlitz, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
Donald S. Castro, Late of California State University, Fullerton
Walter Clark, Professor of Music, University of California, Riverside
Steven Loza, Professor of Ethnomusicology, University of California, Los
Angeles
Robin Moore, Professor of Ethnomusicology, University of Texas at Austin
Arturo O’Farrill, Brooklyn, New York
Deborah Pacini-Hernandez, Professor of Anthropology and American Studies,
Tufts University
Charles Perrone, Professor of Portuguese and Luso-Brazilian Culture and
Literatures, University of Florida
Encyclopedia of
Latin American
Popular Music
George Torres,
Editor
Copyright 2013 by George Torres
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a
review, without prior permission in writing from the publisher.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Encyclopedia of Latin American popular music / George Torres, editor.
pages
cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-313-34031-4 (hardcopy : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-0-313-08794-3 (ebook)
1. Popular music—Latin America—Encyclopedias. 2. Musical instruments—Latin
America—Encyclopedias. 3. Musicians—Latin America—Biography. I. Torres,
George, 1958–, editor.
ML101.L38E53 2013
781.64098'03—dc23 2012015166
ISBN: 978-0-313-34031-4
EISBN: 978-0-313-08794-3
17
16 15 14 13 1 2 3 4 5
This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an eBook.
Visit www.abc-clio.com for details.
Greenwood
An Imprint of ABC-CLIO , LLC
ABC-CLIO, LLC
130 Cremona Drive, P.O. Box 1911
Santa Barbara, California 93116–1911
This book is printed on acid-free paper
Manufactured in the United States of America
Contents
Alphabetical List of Entries, vii
Topical List of Entries , xi
Alphabetical List of Sidebars, xiv
Preface , xv
Introduction , xvii
Popular Music, xix
Popular Music Resources, xxi
Chronology of Latin American Popular Music , xxvii
The Encyclopedia , 1
Bibliography , 455
About the Editor, 457
Contributors, 459
Index , 463
v
Alphabetical List of Entries
Accordion
Calypso
Afro
Canción Romántica
Afro-Cuban
Carnival
Afro-Dominican Fusion Music
Cavaquinho
Argentina
Cencerro
Arpa
Chacarera
Axé Music
Cha-Cha-Chá
Bachata
Changüí
Baião
Charanga
Bajo Sexto
Charango
Balada
Chicano Rock
Bambuco
Chicha
Banda
Chile
Bandola
Chocalho
Bandolím
Choro
Bandoneón
Cinquillo
Baquiné
Clave
Batería
Claves
Batucada
Colombia
Biguine
Conga
Bloco Afro
Conjunto
Bolero
Conjunto Cubano
Bolivia
Contradanza
Bomba
Coro
Bombo
Corrido
Bongó
Costa Rica
Boogaloo
Cuarteto (Argentina)
Bossa Nova
Cuatro
Brazil
Cuba
Cajón
Cueca
vii
viii | Alphabetical List of Entries
Cuíca
Jazz
Cultural Imperialism
Joropo
Cumbia
Konpa
Danza
Lambada
Danzón
Latin Jazz
Danzonete
Latin Rock
Décima
Laúd
Descarga
Lundu
Dominica
Mambo
Dominican Republic
Maracas
Dúo
Marcha
Dupla Caipira
Mariachi
Ecuador
Marimba
El Salvador
Marímbula
Estribillo
Martinique and Guadeloupe
Filín
Maxixe
Flute
Mazouk
Folk, Art, and Popular Music
Merengue (Dominican Republic)
Forró
Méringue (Haiti)
French Guiana
Mexico
Frevo
Milonga
Gender in Latin American
Mizik Rasin
Popular Music
Modinha
Guaguancó
Moña
Guajeo
Montuno
Guajira
Mozambique
Guaracha
Música Popular Brasileira (MPB)
Guatemala
Música Sertaneja
Güiro
Música Típica
Guitar
Musique Créole
Guitarrón
Nicaragua
Gwo ka
Norteño
Habanera
Nueva Canción
Haiti
Nueva Trova
Hip-Hop
Orquesta
Honduras
Orquesta Típica (Cuba)
Huapango
Pachanga
Huayno
Pambiche
Hybridity and Cultural Syncretism
Panama
Immigrant Music
Pandeiro
Jarabe
Paraguay
Jarana
Pasillo
Alphabetical List of Entries | ix
Payada
Son Calentano
Peru
Son Guatemalteco (Son Chapín)
Plena
Son Huasteco
Polka
Son Istmeño
Porro
Son Jalisciense
Pregonero
Son Jarocho
Protest Song in Latin America
Son Montuno
Puerto Rico
Songo
Punto
Surdo
Quena
Tamborím
Race Relations
Tango
Ranchera
Taquirari
Rasgueado
Tex-Mex
Reco-Reco
Timba
Reggae
Timbal
Regional (Choro)
Timbalada
Religion and Music
Timbau
Requinto
Tiple
Rhumba
Tonada
Rock Brasileiro (Brazilian Rock)
Tres
Rock en Español
Tresillo
Romance
Trío Nordestino
Rondador
Trío Romántico
Rondalla
Tropicália
Rumba
Trova Tradicional (Vieja Trova)
Saint Lucia
Tumbadora
Salsa
Tumbao
Samba
United States
Sanfona (Acordeão)
Uruguay
Saya
Vallenato
Schottische
Vals/Valse
Seis
Venezuela
Septeto
Vihuela
Serenata
Villancico
Seresta
Violão de Sete Cordas
Sesquiáltera
Volcanto (Nicaragua)
Sexuality in Latin American Music
Zabumba
Siku
Zamba
Soca
Zapateo
Son (Cuba)
Zarzuela
Son (Mexico)
Zouk
Topical List of Entries
Countries
Axé Music
Argentina
Bachata
Bolivia
Baião
Brazil
Balada
Chile
Bambuco
Colombia
Banda
Costa Rica
Baquiné
Cuba
Batucada
Dominican Republic
Biguine
Ecuador
Bloco Afro
El Salvador
Bolero
French Guiana
Bomba
Guatemala
Boogaloo
Haiti
Bossa Nova
Honduras
Calypso
Martinique and Guadeloupe
Canción Romántica
Mexico
Chacarera
Nicaragua
Cha-Cha-Chá
Panama
Changüí
Paraguay
Charanga
Peru
Chicano Rock
Puerto Rico
Chicha
Saint Lucia
Choro
United States
Conga
Uruguay
Conjunto
Venezuela
Conjunto Cubano
Contradanza
Genres/ Ensembles
Corrido
Afro
Cuarteto
Afro-Dominican Fusion Music
Cuarteto (Argentina)
xi
xii | Topical List of Entries
Cueca
Música Sertaneja
Cumbia
Música Típica
Danza
Norteño
Danzón
Nueva Canción
Danzonete
Nueva Trova
Dúo
Orquesta
Dupla Caipira
Orquesta Tipica (Cuba)
Filín
Pachanga
Forró
Pambiche
Frevo
Pasillo
Guaguancó
Payada
Guaracha
Plena
Gwo ka
Polka
Habanera
Porro
Haiti
Punto
Hip-Hop
Ranchera
Honduras
Reggae
Huapango
Regional (Choro)
Huayno
Rock Brasileiro (Brazilian Rock)
Hybridity and Cultural Syncretism
Rock en Español
Jarabe
Romance
Jazz
Rondalla
Joropo
Rumba
Konpa
Salsa
Lambada
Samba
Latin Jazz
Saya
Latin Rock
Schottische
Lundu
Seis
Mambo
Septeto
Marcha
Seresta
Mariachi
Son (Cuba)
Maxixe
Son (Mexico)
Mazouk
Son Calentano
Merengue (Dominican Republic)
Son Guatemalteco (Son Chapín)
Méringue (Haiti)
Son Huasteco
Milonga
Son Istmeño
Mizik Rasin
Son Jalisciense
Modinha
Son Jarocho
Mozambique
Son Montuno
Música Popular Brasileira (MPB)
Songo
Topical List of Entries | xiii
Tango
Rhumba
Taquirari
Sesquiáltera
Tex-Mex
Sexuality and Music
Timba
Tresillo
Timbalada
Tumbao
Tonada
Zapateo
Trio Nordestino
Trío Romántico
Instruments (including voice)
Tropicália
Accordion
Trova Tradicional (Vieja Trova)
Arpa
Vallenato
Bajo Sexto
Vals/Valse
Bandola
Villancico
Bandolím
Volcanto (Nicaragua)
Bandoneón
Zabumba
Batería
Zamba
Bombo
Zarzuela
Bongó
Zouk
Cajón
Cavaquinho
Concepts and Terminologies
Cencerro
Afro-Cuban
Charango
Carnival
Chocalho
Clave
Claves
Copla
Coro
Cultural Imperialism
Cuatro
Décima
Cuíca
Descarga
Flute
Estribillo
Güiro
Folk, Art, and Popular Music
Guitar
Gender in Latin American Popular
Guitarrón
Music
Jarana
Guajeo
Marimba
Hybridity and Cultural Syncretism
Marímbula
Immigrant Music
Pandeiro
Moña
Pregonero
Montuno
Quena
Protest Song in Latin America
Reco-Reco
Race Relations
Requinto
Rasgueado
Rondador
Religion and Music
Sanfona (Acordeão)
xiv | Topical List of Entries
Siku
Lara, Agustín
Surdo
Machito (Francisco Raúl Gutiérrez
Tamborím
Grillo)
Timbal
Mariachi Vargas
Timbau
Mendoza, Lydia
Tiple
Miguel, Luis
Tres
Miranda, Carmen
Tumbadora
Montaner, Rita
Vihuela
Morel Campos, Juan
Violão de Sete Cordas
Olodum
Parra, Violeta
Alphabetical List of Sidebars
Pérez Prado, Dámaso
Blades, Rubén
Piazzolla, Astor Pantaleón
Boukman Eksperyans
Pixinguinha
Cortijo, Rafael
Puente, Tito
Cruz, Celia
Pugliese, Osvaldo
Daddy Yankee
Regina, Elis
El Gran Combo de Puerto Rico
Rodríguez, Arsenio
Fernandez, Joseito
Rodríguez Dominguez, Silvio
Garcia Zárate, Raúl
Selena
Gardel, Carlos
Toña La Negra
Gil, Gilberto
Trio Los Panchos
Grever, María
Velázquez, Consuelo
Jobim, Antônio Carlos
Veloso, Caetano
La Lupe
Yupanqui, Atahualpa
Preface
This book began as a request from Greenwood Press/ABC-CLIO to edit an ency-
clopedia of Latin music. The publisher had recently released several successful
reference works on related subjects, most notably a two-volume set entitled Ency-
clopedia of Latino Popular Culture (2004), and so on the heels of the success of that
volume, this book was originally envisioned. The request was for an encyclopedia
that would locate and define important concepts and achievements related to music
and Latin America. In order to provide focus and make the work manageable, the
publisher and I agreed that the work would be an encyclopedia of Latin American
popular music that had, as its core, country profiles, concepts, genres, instruments,
and themes important to Latin American music. This was in part due to the abun-
dant coverage of Latin American folk music in current scholarship, and also due to
the many studies that have examined art music in colonial and postcolonial Latin
America. We also agreed to include sidebars of significant performers to highlight
contributions to related subjects.
Along with the advisory board and the 57 contributors who took part in this vol-
ume, there are others who provided exceptional help in making this text possible.
Kristi Ward was the original Greenwood editor who shaped this work in its gen-
esis and early development, while George Butler took over the project from Kristi
for the second phase of the enterprise. Both Kristi and George provided invaluable
guidance and feedback. Thanks also to Michelle Scott and Jane Glenn at ABC-
CLIO for their help with production. The project was carried out in the Music De-
partment at Lafayette College, and I am especially thankful to Provost Wendy Hill
and the Academic Research Committee for their very generous support of this proj-
ect. I received much support, criticism, and feedback from colleagues at Lafayette
College including J. Larry Stockton, Anthony Cummings, and Jennifer Kelly from
Music, as well as Denise Galarza-Sepúlveda, Michael Jordan, and Juan Rojo from
Latin American Studies. Lafayette research assistants Ray Epstein, Caitlin Lowery,
and Tracy McFarlan were critical to the organization, research, typing, and editing
of the work. Karalyn Enz provided important editing at a vital point in the work’s